Process of regulating heating systems.



No. 893,339. PATENTED JULY 14, 1908.

H.. 0.. MALLORY; I

PROGSSS OF REGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY 20. 1903.

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H. O. MALLORY. PROGESS OF REGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED MAYZO, 1903.

PATENTED JULY 14, 1908.

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No. 893,839. PATENTED JULY 14, 1908 H. C. MALLORY. PROCESS OFBEGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 20. 1903.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY c. MALLORY, OF CHICAGO, IILLINOISQ PROCESS OF REGULATING HEATING SYSTEMS.

Specification of Letters Patent. application filed May 2011903. Serial No. 158,039.

Patented July 14, 1908.

cago, in the county of Cook and-State of Illi-. nois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in'- Processes of Regulating Heating Systems, of Whichthe following is a My invention relates to a new and improved process of regulating heating systems and devicesTand has for its object to rovide a new and improved process-of this escription.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying dr awings, Wherein I y Figurelis a diagrammatic view showin means by'which'my process maybe carrie out; Fig. an enlarged sectional view showing orieiorm of. controlling valve; Fig. 3 is a'sectional view-showinganother form of controlling valve; Fig. 4 is a sectional view. showin a form of compound controlling valve; ig. 5 is a view of the valve for controlling the escape of the air Fig.6 is a diagrammatic view showing a controlling device for the external air. v A

v Like letters refer to like parts throughout the several figures. I f

In theheating of apartments and the like, it is exceedingly. desirable to secure in the apartment a proper temperature and mainthin that temperature. With the ordinary heating devices now on the market, this result is not secured because of the variation of the external temperature, that is the variation of the temperatureof the outside atmosphere. If, for example, .a steam radiator is made of the proper size and is supplied with the proper amount of steam to heat the apartment to the proper temperature under certain conditions of -the external atmosphere, the lowering of the temperatureof the external atmosphere will throw the system out of balance and the radiator Will be unable to keep thev tem eratureu to the desired point and it will all below t lat desired. ()n the other hand, if the external temperature should rise, the radiator will be able to produce more heat than is required and the temperature of the apartment will be carried above the desired point. It will therefore be seen that, if the condition of the system remains the same and the capacity ofthe radiator remains unaltered, the variations of the external atmosphere produce corresponding variations in the temperature of the apart-- ment, and my present invention has as one of its objects to obviate this undesirable condition.

carrying outmy process, I vary, as it were, the ca acity of the heater to give outheat; and I 0 this either .by controlling the eatin fluid directly or the water of con-.

densation etc. or both, responsive to or by variations'of the temperature of the external atmosphere.

In the partlcular embodiment of my invention hereinafter disclosed I have controlled the heating fluid by a thermostatic -valve and I have found that to get the best results it is desirable that the actuating mechanism of said valve should be subjected to the actionof a. stream of temperature changing fluidforced to flow through or by said mechanism. This stream may be air, drawn from the externalatmosp'here.

The stream of air serves to cool the thermostatic actuation mechanism and the latter is warmed by heat more or less directly derived from the heating fluid. The stream of air should not materially affect the tempera-' does so throughits action on the actuating mechanism of thevalve controlling the flow of the heating fluid. With the apparatus illustrated herein the volume of air flowing in the regulating stream is so slight that its escape into the apartment does not afiect'in ture of the apartment heated except as it a material degree the temperature of the o apartment.

Referring now to Fig- 1, I have shown for purposes of illustration a diagrammatic representation of a heating system. This is shown as a low pressure or Vacuum system, butit is of course evident-that my invention is applicable to any ordinary heating system. In this diagrammatic representation, I have illustrated the source of supply of the heating fluid as the boiler A and the heating fluid is carried to the heaters by suitable pipes or the like. I have also illustrated a reducing presboiler. I provide a byass around this valve which may be used -w on desired. A suitable pumlp or the like A is provided for producing a o trolling the water of condensation. The radiators are connected by suitable pipes to a tank'or the like A into which the water of condensation is returned. The radiator A is provided wlth a controlling valve. B for controlling the admission of the steam and this sure Valve A inthe pipe leading from the w pressure or vacuum and for concontrolling valve is responsive tovariations in the external atmosphere.

One form of this valve is illustrated in Fig. 2. As shown in this figure, the valve is provided with an outer surrounding part or member 13, which is preferably of a ma- I terial havin a low coefficient of ex ansion tively.

such for example as iron. Within the part B is another part or member B made of material having ahigh coeHieient of expansion, such for example as brass. The inner member B" is fastened vat one end to the outer member or some part associated therewith and is preferably adjustably fastened, so as to permitthe parts to be adjusted rela- This may be done. in any desired manner, as by fastening the part to a nut B as shown. The inner or expanding member B' -isconnected to a piston B, which worksin a casing or surrounding p art 13". The piston B is provided with ports or openings B", which cooperate with ports or openings B in the surrounding part or casing. These various ports are adjustedwith relation to each other to-correspond with the conditions met with. The heating fluid, which in this instance may be steam, is admitted by means of pipe B and the piston B is formed so that the steam enters into it and thus has access to the ports B. The heatmg fluid passes to the radiator through ports B and B and the pipe B. A pipe B connects with the controlling valve and communicates with the external atmosphere. This external atmosphere passes in through this pipe and between the members B and B so as to make contact therewith and then passes out through the pipe B. The pipe B is preferably arranged at its ends so as to surround or be associatedwith the steam pipe B and is open. 'By this means the heat from the steam pipe tends to produce an aspirating member B and causes the piston Bf to bev drawn down, thus increasing the area of the ports B which register with the ports B and ence a greater amountfof steam can pass through the ports into the radiator. The radiator will therefore be capable of developing more heat and thus prevent the temperature from falling to correspond with the fall of the temperatureof the external atmosphere, and by a proper adjustment of the parts it will be seen that the temperature in the apartment may be prevented from vary ing and thus held practically constant. If on the other hand the external temperature rises, the air passing through the valve will also risein temperature in a corresponding manner and this rise in temperature will cause the member B to expand, thus moving the piston B so as to decrease the area ol the ports B which register with the ports ll. Under these conditions, a decreased quantity of steam will be admitted to the radiator and its capacity to develop heat will thus be lessened so that it will not be able to raise the temperature of the apartment above the desired oint.

It will thus be seen that by a proper adjustment and relation of the several parts the heating capacity of the radiator may be auto- .matically. controlled in response to the va riations in the external atmosphere, so as to keep the temperature of the apartment uniform or constant, and the cause which produces the undesirable fluctuation in the temperature of the apartment is thus utilized to prevent this undesirable fluctuation.

Instead of directly controlling the admission of the steam to the radiator, I. may secure the same results by controlling the escape of the water of cmnlensation, and this may be done by means of a valve similar to that shown in Fig. 2, the parts being as it were inverted. I have shown. the appliration of this valve at radiator (,1, Fig. 1, and an enlarged section of the valve (1 is shown in Fig. 3. In this construction the water of condensationpasses t9 the valve from the radiator through the pipe B and then passes by pipe B to the return pipe, the amount of water escaping depending upon the position of the piston B. The pipe B is connected with the outer atn'iosphere and this permits the air from Without to pass up along the inner member B. If, i or example, the parts are adjusted so as to secure the proper tem- 1 temperature falls, the aicpassing in contact with the member B will become colder and said member will be contracted so as to raise the piston B. This movement increases the area of the ports B which register with they ports B and permits more of the water of condensation'to escape, thus causing more steam to enterthe radiator and increasing its heating capacity so as to prevent the temperature of the apartment from falling. 1f the external temperature rises, the air in contact with the member B becomes warmer and expands said member so as to lower it and decrease the openmg through which the water L escapes, thus permitting less water to escape and causing the water to accumulate and reduce the heating capacity of the radiator. It will thus be seen that by proper adjustment of the parts the heating capacity of the perature in the apartment and the external spouse tovariations in the temperature of charge or esca e "of; the water ofcondensa-' -.wa'ter of condensation as in Fig.3. aTh'ef ex ternal atmosphere passes pistons are moved-downwardly, so as'- .te in-, crease the o eni'ngs through whiehthe steam escapes. I- preferto provide concealed ad- 7 air from the radiator passes through ports phere passes in through the pipe B and out I valve is the same as that ofthe other valves member B and inside the member B is a,

' vided atits lower end w th apisten 1) having surrounding casing D. The piston B-tcon .by providing the steam pipe B with a removradiator will be automatically adjusted in ree external atmosphere, to preventvariations in the apartment to b'eheatedl, i

In Fi 4,1 have shown'avalvefor controlling'boti theadmi'ssionof steam and the distion. .I havei lustrated this valve in Fig.- 1 at D and as appliedto the radiator D. In this.constructionthere is a member B and a member D of a material preferablyhavinga low coeflicient of ex ansion. 'This member D is connected pre erably ad'ustably with the member B or the piston g and is pro-,

ports D* cooperating with"portsD in the.

trols the admission of :steam,;- a's 2, while the piston D controls the es'cape o between th members-l3 and D and through open *3) between the members '13 'and'B out. at thetop'of theval'ver. :Ifthet m ture of the outside atmosphere: drops,'

enters andt e'water escapes. the exter-': nal temperature rises, both pistons will be moved'upwardiy, so as to decrease thearea through which steam enters and the water justingmeans for this valve, as for example able plugD which when 0 en permitsthe admission of a suitable. tool to engage the groove-or other suitably formed part on-the member D so that'it may be turned, and also the admission of a tool to engage the slots or the like D on the piston, so that the member B may be turned to secure adjustment.

I have shown in connection Withthe radi-.. ator E, Fig. 1, a device for controlling the E and E into the inner member Brand thence to the air pipe. The external atmosthrough the openings E The action of the hen -.ofore described. In this case. I' may provide means for controlling the amount or rapidi y of the flow of the external air through the valve by means of the temperature in the apartment, thus insuring a speedy action of the device. This may be accomplished by insertin a controlling device in the passage throng which this externalair passes, responsive to variations in the temperature of the apartment. Various devices of this kind may be used. For examt ie' ralve therefore act so strongly upon'the valve, and

ple I may place a fan F in this air passageway, operated by an electric motor, E the speed of which is controlled by a thermostat or like device res onsive-to variations in the temperature of the apartment.

I have shown such a device diagrammatically in connection with-radiator E; wherein a thermostat provided with the expansible member F? is provided, with a contact piece F which moves over contacts F between which are the electrical resistances F. If

low, the'member contracts and makes conthe temperature in theapartment falls too tact with more of the contacts F thus short-circuitingthem and cutting out some .of theresistance in the motor circuit and causingthe motor to speed up, This increases the, speed of the flow of air through the valve and tends to hasten the action of pensive both to theexter'nal atmosphere and the temperature of the apartment. If

etemperature in the apartment rises, the ermostat/expands and more resistance is v in andthe speed of the motor decreased so"- a to-decrease the'flow of air throu h the This decreased flow of air wil not hence the valve act to decrease the heating capacity of the radiator.

the valve to increase the heating capacity of the'heater, and hence the regulation is re- '.:}-It IS of course evident that this arrange- 'ment may be usedwith any of the other valves, and such an arrangement would be particularly advantageous where the apartment to 'be heated as doors or windows which are opened often. Y

I claim; 1. The p tion of a device for heating an apartment, in which the" circulation of a heating fluid is controlled by a thermostatic valve which consists in warming the thermostatic actuating mechanism of said valve by heat derived from the heating fluid passing through the radiator and cooling saidmechanism by action on it with a stream of air, without materially modifying by-said streamthe temperature given tolthe apartment, except as said stream by its action on the thermostatic actuating mechanism modifies the flow of the heating 2. The process of regulating the heating e'fliciency of a heat radiator unit supplied by ,lation of a device for heating an apartment,

in which the circulation of a heating fluid is controlled by a thermostatic valve, which consists in warming the thermostatic acturocessof securing efficient regula- .heating fluid,-which consists in gradually va- 'ating mechanism of saidvalve by heat derived from the heating fluid passing through the radiator and cooling saidmeehanism by acting on it with astream of air, without materially modifying by said stream the temperature given to the apartment, except as said stream by its actionon the thermostatic actuating mechanism modifies the flow of the heating fluid and automatically varying the flow of said stream in response to variations .in the temperature of the apartment heated. 3

4. The process of securing eflicientregulation of a device for heating an apartment, in

' which the circulation of a heating fluid is controlled by a thermostatic valve which consists in warming the thermostatic actuating mechanism of said valve by heatderived from the heating fluid passing through the radiatoriand cooling said mechanism by action on it with .a stream of airof the temperature of the external atmosphere, without materially modifying by said stream the temperature given to the apartment, except as 3 said stream by its action on the thermostatic actuating .mechanism modifies the flow of the heating fluid.

5. The'process of securing eflicient regulationof heating devices, in which the circulation of the heating fluid is controlled by a thermostatic valve, which process consists in acting ,-on the thermostatic actuating mechanism of said valve by a'stream of a coohng medium and varying the flow of said i stream as the tr mperature conditions of the apartment heated may require.

6. The process of-seeuring efficient regulation of heating devices, in which the circulation of a heating fluid iscontrolled by a thermostatic valve which process consists in acting on the thermostatic actuating mechanism of said valve by a stream of a temperature changing medium ofthe temperature of the external atmosphere and varying the flow of said stream in response to variabe heated.

7. The process of securing eflicient regulation of heating devices, in which the circulation of the heating fluid is controlled by a thermostatic valve, which process consists in acting on said actuating mechanism by a stream of cooling air drawn from the external atmosphere and controlling the flow of said stream in response to variations in the temperatureof the apartment to be heated.

static actuating mechanism, modifies the flow of the heating fluid, and automatically varying the flow of said stream in response to variations in the temperature of the apartment heated.

HARRY C. MALLORY. Witnesses:

HOMER L. KRAFT FANNY B. FAY.

tions in the temperature .of the apartment to 

